3/31/2023 0 Comments Chinese stringed instrumentsThe pipa is often used as a solo instrument and is also found in orchestras and smaller ensembles. Most pipas today have steel strings and some are still plucked with the fingernails, although small plastic or turtle shell picks attached to the fingers are also used. Over time, the pipa was played vertically with the fingernails. In ancient times, the pipa was played horizontally with a long plectrum, and either four or five strings were made of silk. The pipa often referred to as the "Chinese lyre," is a pear-shaped, four-stringed plucked instrument whose precursors have introduced to China from Central Asia 2,000 years ago, during the Western Han Dynasty (1st to 3rd centuries AD). They can be played with (artificial) nails, picks, or by striking the strings with thin sticks. Plucked instruments can be categorized by the way they are held in the hands: horizontally (e.g. Common Western instruments in the Chinese orchestra include timpani, marimba, triangle, and others. In the Chinese orchestra, both Western and Chinese percussion instruments are used to create three different effects: rhythmic (to set the tempo), ornamental (to add tension to a passage), and melodic (to create melodies with percussion instruments of definable pitch). Depending on the technique used to blow air into the cases, they can be divided into three types: Instruments in which air is blown directly into the body (e.g., dizi, xiao), instruments in which air is blown into a double reed at one end (e.g., guanzi, suona), and instruments in which blowing into the body vibrates the reeds inside, producing tones (e.g., sheng, bawu). ![]() In the category of wind instruments of Chinese music, there are a large number of instruments made of different materials (bamboo, wood, clay, etc.) and with very different sound quality. Nowadays there are more than 30 types of huqin, but only a few are regularly used in Chinese orchestras such as erhu, gaohu, jinghu, zhonghu, banhu, and maroquin. Over the centuries, several varieties have emerged. STRING INSTRUMENTSĬhinese stringed instruments belong to the huqin ("barbarian stringed instrument") family, hu meaning "barbarian" and qin meaning "stringed instrument." An instrument called xiqin("instrument of the Xi people") is believed to be a forerunner of this family and was introduced to China in ancient times by nomadic tribes of Central Asia. Through its work with traditional Chinese music, however, the orchestra also fulfills another important function: that preserving an invaluable intangible cultural asset of China. The symphonic concert "The Heroes," on the other hand, combined traditional Chinese music with elements from kungfu films and TV series to create an overall multimedia experience. This concert was therefore celebrated in the press as one of the most outstanding concerts. In this way, the orchestra succeeds in enriching people's lives through classical Chinese melodies. An outstanding example of this strategy is the large-scale concert "Past Time" in which the orchestra combined folk music with electronic music to create completely new forms for traditional folk music. Its repertoire includes many folk works from Chinese music history that are popular with audiences. ![]() This peculiarity has allowed it to create its own style by combining traditional as well as modern and innovative approaches. Like all Chinese traditional orchestras, the CNODDT's Chinese Traditional Orchestra is compact and flexible. It has worked with a number of outstanding artists, most notably stars such as Guo Lanying and Chen Ailian, and won prizes at many national and international competitions during its existence. For example, the orchestra musicians have won the first Chinese Music Performance Competition of the Chinese Ministry of Culture or the Silver Award of the coveted Osaka International Chamber Music Competition. In the decades of its existence, the orchestra has made a name for itself not only in China but also abroad. In the West, the revolutionary opera "The White-Haired Girl" is probably best known. The orchestra was founded more than 50 years ago and has produced a number of popular Chinese operas and dance plays. The Chinese Traditional Orchestra is the traditional Chinese music orchestra at the China National Opera and Dance Drama Theater (CNODDT), the oldest and largest state-owned theater in China.
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